Thermostat Working Principle: 4 Proven Types Explained
Instrumentation Thermostat Working Principle: 4 Proven Types Explained A bimetallic strip bending inside a wall unit and a microcontroller reading a thermistor inside a process
Temperature Measurement
Temperature Measurement
Peltier Effect: 5 Surprising Facts Engineers Should Know
Instrumentation Peltier Effect: 5 Surprising Facts Engineers Should Know A small solid state chip with no moving parts and no refrigerant can pump heat from
Flow Measurement
Coriolis Flow Meter Uncertainty Calculation: 4 Key Steps
Instrumentation Coriolis Flow Meter Uncertainty Calculation: 4 Key Steps A vendor spec sheet quoting 0.1 percent accuracy almost never tells you the actual uncertainty at
Flow Measurement
Types of Flow Elements: 3 Essential Categories Explained
Instrumentation Types of Flow Elements: 3 Essential Categories Explained Every flow meter on a plant relies on some kind of sensing element underneath the electronics,
Analog Electronics
Differential Amplifier Explained: Basics and CMRR
Analog Electronics Differential Amplifier Explained: Basics and CMRR Nearly every op amp and instrumentation circuit built for measuring a small signal in a noisy environment
Power Electronics & Protection
Flyback Converter Working Principle Explained
Power Electronics and Protection Flyback Converter Working Principle Explained Nearly every phone charger and small isolated power supply relies on the flyback converter working principle,
Power Quality & Protection
Voltage Sag, Swell, and Flicker Explained
Power Quality and Protection Voltage Sag, Swell, and Flicker Explained Lights that dim for a second, a drive that trips without warning, or a bulb
Industrial Electrical Systems
Motor Control Center (MCC) Explained
Industrial Electrical Systems Motor Control Center (MCC) Explained Nearly every pump, fan, and compressor motor in a plant traces back to a single steel enclosure
DCS
DCS Migration and Obsolescence Management
DCS DCS Migration and Obsolescence Management Every DCS eventually reaches the point where the vendor stops supporting it, spare parts dry up, and the plant
DCS
Sequence of Events Recording (SOE) in DCS
DCS Sequence of Events Recording (SOE) in DCS When a plant trips, hundreds of alarms can fire within milliseconds, and Sequence of Events recording is