Top 10 Key Differences Between Open Loop and Closed Loop Control Systems
Open Loop and Closed Loop Control System In industrial automation and instrumentation, understanding how a control system works is very important. Two of the most common types
Automation
Process Instrumentation
Signal Conditioning in Instrumentation: Types, Purpose & How It Works
What is Signal Conditioning? Every sensor in an industrial plant whether it measures temperature, pressure, flow, level or vibration produces a raw electrical signal when
Flow Measurement
13 Factors Affecting Flow Meter Readings and How to Fix Each One
Factors affecting flow meter readings – Introduction Have you ever looked at a flow meter reading and wondered why the numbers keep changing even when
PLC
PLC Scan Cycle: How It Works (Diagram + Scan Time)
PLC Scan Cycle – Introduction A Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is like the brain of an industrial automation system. It continuously monitors input signals, makes decisions based
Level Measurement
Boiler Drum Level Control: Single Element, Two Element and Three Element Explained
Boiler Drum Level Control – Introduction The main purpose of boiler drum level control is to bring the water level in the drum to the correct point
Flow Measurement
Bernoulli’s Equation: Formula, Derivation and Applications in Flow Measurement
Fluids like water and air carry energy when they move. This energy can appear as pressure, speed, or height. Daniel Bernoulli, a scientist in the
Pressure Measurement
5 Common Pressure Gauge Installation Mistakes Technicians Make
Pressure Gauge Installation Mistakes: Introduction Pressure gauges are some of the most widely used instruments in industries. From oil and gas to food processing plants,
Industry News
Emerson PACSystems Safety Controller for Safer and Smarter Automation
Emerson PACSystems Safety Controller Emerson Launches New PACSystems Safety Controller for Safer and Smarter Automation. August 20, 2025 Emerson has introduced its latest safety innovation, the PACSystems™
Process Instrumentation
What Is a Functional Safety Assessment (FSA)?
Functional Safety Assestment (FSA) Introduction In modern process industries, safety is not optional but it is essential. Refineries, chemical plants, and power facilities deal with hazardous materials,
Pressure Measurement
Bourdon Tube Pressure Gauges: Working Principle, Types and Selection Guide
Introduction: Bourdon Tube Pressure Gauges Pressure is one of the most important things we measure in industries. Whether it is in pipelines, boilers, or machines, knowing