Reynolds Number Explained: Formula, Calculation and Its Role in Flow Meter Selection
Fluid Mechanics · Flow Measurement · Laminar vs Turbulent · Pipe Flow One dimensionless number decides whether your flow is smooth, chaotic or somewhere in
Flow Measurement
PCB Design & Signal Integrity
What is Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)?
In electronics and instrumentation, one of the most common and frustrating issues is EMI, which stands for Electromagnetic Interference. It can cause equipment to behave strangely, give incorrect
Process Instrumentation
Cable Color Codes for Field Instruments: IEC, NEC and Thermocouple Wiring Standards
In industrial automation, wiring errors can cause huge issues: incorrect readings, communication failures, equipment damage, and even safety risks. That’s why standard cable color codes and
PLC
PLC Wiring: How to Wire Field Instruments to the System Cabinet Step by Step
PLC Wiring is very important topic. A PLC connection shows how signals travel step-by-step—from the field transmitters, through the junction box and marshalling cabinet, into the system
PLC
What is a PLC? Programmable Logic Controller
PLC – Programmable Logic Controller : Introduction A Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is a special type of computer used in industries to control machines and
Level Measurement
Float Level Switch: Working Principle, Types and Industrial Applications
Float Level Switch: Introduction Understanding how we measure the level of liquids in tanks is very important for students in the instrumentation field. One common and simple
Pressure Measurement
Bonded and Unbonded Strain Gauges: Difference, Construction and Applications
Bonded and Unbonded strain gauges: Introduction In this article, we will learn the difference between bonded and unbonded strain gauges, two common types of devices
Level Measurement
Zero Elevation and Zero Suppression in DP Level Measurement: Formulas and Examples
Introduction: Zero elevation and zero suppression Zero elevation and zero suppression is the term where many people get confused when working with tank level measurements. These adjustments
Process Instrumentation
RTD Sensor Connections: 2, 3 & 4 Wire Wiring Diagram
RTD Sensor Connections is the topic which we are going to discuss here. RTD (Resistance Temperature Detector) sensor connections are very important to ensure accurate
Automation
2-Wire 3-Wire 4-Wire Transmitters in Industrial Automation
2-Wire 3-Wire 4-Wire Transmitters in Industrial Automation is a basic concept but many engineers get confused about the wiring. 4 to 20 mA transmitters are